Freediving, Renegade Science, and What the Ocean Tells Us about
Ourselves
By: James Nestor
Summary
by Mounir Aswad,
Introduction
If you
have an interest in Sea Animal species, Deep sea explorations, Human Biology
and limits, this book is for you.
Ocean and Sea Zones
The ocean can be divided from its
surface to its depth into three zones based on the amount of light received.
They are:
1-Sunlit or Photic zone
Surface layer
of the ocean that receives sunlight. The uppermost 80
m (260 feet) or more of the ocean, which is sufficiently illuminated to permit
photosynthesis by phytoplankton and plants, is called the euphotic zone.
2. Disphotic or Twilight Zone
This murky part
of the ocean begins at about 600 feet under the water and extends to the
darkest part, which begins about 3000 feet down.
Only a small amount of light can penetrate the water at this depth. As the water becomes
deeper, the pressure increase, too. Plants do not grow here. Only animals that
have adapted to little light survive.
3. Aphotic or Midnight Zone
Ninety percent of the ocean is in
the midnight zone. It is entirely dark—there is no light. The water pressure is
extreme. The temperature is near freezing.
The bathyal zone or bathypelagic
The bathyal
zone or bathypelagic – from Greek (bathýs), deep – (also known
as midnight zone) is the part of the pelagic zone that extends
from a depth of 1,000 to 4,000 m (3,300 to 13,100 ft) below the ocean surface.
It lies between the mesopelagic above, and the abyssopelagic below.
Interesting Facts
The Master Switch Of Life
The Master Switch Of Life. In
1963, Per Scholander, a Swedish-born researcher working in the United States,
discovered a Master Switch of Life in vertebrate animals—a defense against
asphyxia (a condition arising when the body is deprived of oxygen, causing
unconsciousness or death; suffocation). For humans, it's a nod to our dormant
amphibious reflexes. In simple terms, it's the body's response to being
underwater.
Underwater habitats
Underwater habitats are underwater
structures in which people can live for extended
periods and carry out most of the basic human functions of a 24-hour day, such
as working, resting, eating, attending to personal hygiene, and sleeping.
Aquarius habitats
Aquarius is an undersea habitat
and laboratory designed to support research in coastal and ocean
resource science and management. Deployed 19 meters underwater,
5.6 kilometers off Key Largo in Florida, Aquarius can accommodate
a six-person crew.
Peripheral vasoconstriction
Peripheral vasoconstriction is an
important autonomic response to cold exposure, which restricts heat transfer
from the core to the environment through the skin. Peripheral vasoconstriction
is more dependent on core than on skin temperature (cf. ... Most sympathetic
activation promotes vasoconstriction.
Narcosis
Narcosis while diving (also known
as nitrogen narcosis, inert gas narcosis, raptures of the deep, Martini effect)
is a reversible alteration in consciousness that occurs while diving at depth.
It is caused by the anesthetic effect of certain gases at high pressure.
Ampullae of Lorenzini
Ampullae of Lorenzini (sing.
ampulla) are special sensing organs called electroreceptors,
forming a network of jelly-filled pores. They are mostly discussed as being
found in cartilaginous fish (sharks, rays, and chimaeras);
however, they are also reported to be found in Chondrostei such
as reedfish[1] and sturgeon.[2] Lungfish have also
been reported to have them.[1] Teleosts have re-evolved a different
type of electroreceptors.[2] They were first described by Stefano
Lorenzini in 1678.
Human magnetic sense
Some years ago scientists at
CALTECH (California Institute of Technology in Pasadena) discovered
that humans possess a tiny, shiny crystal of magnetite in the ethmoid
bone, located between your eyes, just behind the nose.
Cetaceans
A marine mammal of the
order Cetacea ; a whale, dolphin, or porpoise.
Echolocation
Echolocation, also called bio
sonar, is a biological sonar used by several animal species. Echolocating
animals emit calls out to the environment and listen to the echoes of those
calls that return from various objects near them. They use these echoes to
locate and identify the objects
Flash Sonar
Flash Sonar gives blind and
visually impaired people superior independence to previous methods used to
bike, ski and skateboard. The process, created by World Access for the Blind
founder Daniel Kish, allows the user to navigate the world through sound
https://youtu.be/4jhAFiUdGec
https://youtu.be/4jhAFiUdGec
Static apnea
Static apnea when you hold your
breath underwater in static Manner
Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton are the autotrophic
components of the plankton community and a key part of oceans, seas and
freshwater basin ecosystems. The name comes from the Greek words meaning
"plant", and "wanderer" or "drifter"
Phytoplankton are microscopic
marine algae. Phytoplankton is the base of several aquatic food webs. In a
balanced ecosystem, they provide food for a wide range of sea creatures
including whales, shrimp, snails, and jellyfish.
The Mariana Trench
The Mariana Trench or Marianas
Trench is located in the western Pacific Ocean about 200 kilometres east of the
Mariana Islands; it is the deepest trench on Earth. It is crescent-shaped and
measures about 2,550 km in length and 69 km in width.
Plenty of life deep:
Giant "Amoebas" Found in
Deepest Place on Earth.
Huge "ameobas" have
been spotted in the Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the world's oceans
The giants of the deep are
so-called xenophyophores, sponge-like animals that—like amoebas—are made of
just one cell. They were found during a July research expedition run by the
Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California.
Hydrothermal vent & Origin of life
A hydrothermal vent is a fissure
on the seafloor from which geothermally heated water issues. Hydrothermal vents
are commonly found near volcanically active ..
Theory of Hydrothermal vent and
origin of life
https://www.chemistryworld.com/features/hydrothermal-vents-and-the-origins-of-life/3007088.article
Interesting People
Jacques-Yves Cousteau
Jacques-Yves Cousteau, AC was a French naval officer, explorer, conservationist,
filmmaker, innovator, scientist, photographer, author and researcher who
studied the sea and all forms of life in water. He co-developed the Aqua-Lung,
pioneered marine conservation and was a member of the Académie français.
Herbert Nitsch
Herbert Nitsch (born 20 April
1970) is an Austrian freediver who has held world records in all of the eight
freediving disciplines recognised by AIDA International. He is the current
freediving world record champion and "the deepest man on earth"
Ama
Ama (Japanese: "sea
women") are Japanese divers, famous for collecting pearls. They are also
known as uminchu (in Okinawan) or kaito (in the Izu Peninsula). The vast
majority of ama are women.
Brian Bushway
Brian Bushway is a pro at it.
Named by Mountain Bike Magazine as the World's Best Blind Mountain Biker, he
lost his sight when he was 14. ... Like bats, he relies on echolocation when he
mountain bikes, using sound to locate objects.
The Order of the Dolphin
The ten scientists who attended,
including future SETI icons such as Frank Drake and Carl Sagan, represented a
variety of scientific fields. At the conclusion of the meeting, the attendees adopted
the moniker "The Order of the Dolphin," in honor of participant John
Lilly's work on interspecies communication.
Performance free diving international
the best schools for diving it's
in Canada
Eric Schmidt
Founded Schmidt Ocean.org
He is known for being
the CEO of Google from 2001 to
2011, executive chairman of Google from
2011 to 2015 and executive chairman of Alphabet Inc. from 2015 to 2017. In
2017, Forbes ranked Schmidt as the
119th-richest person in the world, with an estimated wealth of US$11.1 billion.
Recommended Media and others
·
whales weep not.
·
The big Blue, 1988 Movie,
by Jacques Cousteau.
File Format
This summary is written using Microsoft Word 365 and utilizes Heading
Categorization, however, on the internet
it losses this functionality. If you are reading this on the web and would like
to get the original file, email me: maswad at gmail.com. In MS Word, to navigate, click view and
check Navigation Pane. Categories can be collapsed or expanded from both the
navigation and from the main window.
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